Tijdens de financiële crisis van 2008 zagen overheden zich genoodzaakt om banken met belastinggeld van de ondergang te redden. Europese regeringsleiders waren het er na de crisis over eens dat in de toekomst de belastingbetaler niet langer voor de verliezen van banken behoort op te draaien. Sindsdien is er op Europees niveau nieuwe regelgeving ontwikkeld om zo’n bail-out in de toekomst te voorkomen en ervoor te zorgen dat de aandeelhouders en crediteuren van de bankinstelling de rekening ...

The effectiveness of European Community law is probably the most distinguishing feature of this unique legal order in contrast with classic international law. By contrast, the effectiveness of European Economic Area law (EEA Law), the way this other even more sui generis legal system provides comparable rights for EFTA-EEA citizens, is a silent revolution brought by the EFTA Court that has not been properly researched and exposed in the field of European law.

This book addresses first the rel...

About the book

Since the 1970s, the Black Sea has been suffering a severe pollution from excessive input of nutrients and chemicals. To improve the situation, the Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution (Bucharest Convention) was signed in 1992 and the Black Sea Commission (BSC) was established. Environmental protection by the Black Sea Commission: Organisation and performance in comparison with the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM) provides a c...

The Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law comprises a collection of articles written mostly by Hungarian authors, covering developments in the field of international law and EU law, and progress in the domestic implementation and application of these fields of law. The thematic part of the volume centers around the issues of environmental protection on the national, European and international level. The Yearbook also contains numerous articles on Hungarian state practice, c...

While global constitutional ideas migrate across countries, continents, agencies and institutions, internationally accepted principles of constitutionalism and human rights influence national governments that have been able to keep their sovereignty. This book looks into the fascinating question of convergence and sovereignty by approaching the issue from various angels: the use of foreign and international law in national constitution-making and constitutional interpretation on the one hand,...

The credit rating industry called for many debates on its civil liability since the origin of the industry at the beginning of the twentieth century. In 2013, the Union legislature introduced a right to damages, which issuers and investors can directly enforce against credit rating agencies under Article 35a CRA Regulation. This provision has drawn attention because of its remarkable structure: Article 35a CRA Regulation introduced a legal ground for civil liability at the European level, whi...

The title of this book, Fair and Just Solutions?, refers to the norm for the assessment of ownership claims to Nazi-looted art as codified in the so-called Washington Principles in 1998:

If the pre-War owners of art that is found to have been confiscated by the Nazis and not subsequently restituted, or their heirs, can be identified, steps should be taken expeditiously to achieve a just and fair solution, recognizing this may vary according to the facts and circumstances surrounding a specific...

The book provides a thorough analysis of the protection of fundamental rights (right to privacy, legal professional privilege, privilege against self- incrimination, right to an effective remedy and ne bis in idem) in the composite procedures that take place in the context of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM).

Within the SSM, the EU and national levels are in constant interaction. The interlocking of EU and national legal orders for the enforcement of EU law challenge traditional systems...