The province of Gelderland (The Netherlands) inherits many castles, country houses and estates. Together they form historic estate landscapes that partially determine the regional landscape character. Climate change and urbanisation have a significant effect on the management and protection of these heritage landscapes. An abundance and a shortage of water, spatial fragmentation and increasing pressure from recreation and tourism are only a few of the many challenges that need to be addressed...

Polders can be found in coastal and alluvial lowlands all over the world. Water levels are artificially controlled so people can live and work in these reclaimed areas. This often centuries-old interaction between man and water had produced a rich variety of polder landscapes with their own cultural identity and spatial, functional, and ecological characteristics. These landscapes are under threat due to climate and economic change along with the standardization tendencies of globalization.

T...