How did a piece of gold foil completely change our understanding of atoms?

What part did a hot air balloon play in the discovery of cosmic rays?

How did the experiments in the run-up to the Large Hadron Collider lead to the invention of the World Wide Web?

Asking questions has always been at the heart of physics, our unending quest to understand the Universe and how everything in it behaves. How do we know all that we know about the world today? It's not simply because we hav...