The system of international criminal justice was established in response to gross human rights violations committed during World War II. Despite its development over the past seven decades, challenges and critiques remain unresolved or have subsequently emerged, particularly in the context of the International Criminal Court (ICC). Key issues include amnesties, immunities, controversial acquittals, non-cooperation, interpretative fragmentation, and cultural clashes. Criticism emerged as a rea...

When fellow countrymen win a medal at an international sports event the whole spectrum of positive and negative emotions is expressed, by athletes, spectators, even by the strongest sports-critics and sports-indifferent people. There are winners and losers, fans for and against, sadness and disillusionment, abuse and injustice, grief and pain but there is also fair play, empathy, integrity, joy and optimism. In this essay, I write about abuses, dangers and challenges in sport, what causes the...

Until the end of the 1990s, EU integration in the area of criminal law centred primarily around the regional deepening of traditional judicial cooperation in criminal matters and the development of law enforcement cooperation (including the setting up of Europol as a support agency). By the end of the 1990s respectively 2000s, the EU also gained (limited) supranational competence in the areas of substantive respectively procedural criminal law. Both judicial and law enforcement cooperation we...

Age of consent refers to the age below which it is prohibited to engage in sexual activities with a child. The legislators always need to keep a balance between protecting children from sexual abuse and respecting their sexual autonomy while setting the age boundary. In addition, as a legal concept, age of consent is closely related with the construction of childhood and once set, it affects the age at which children engage in sex.

The age of consent legislation in Europe have been revised tr...

Engaged Learning enables students to apply theory to a context outside of the University by addressing societal concerns, challenges or needs, while producing knowledge in an equitable, mutually beneficial partnership. Through participating in Engaged Learning, students develop self-efficacy and enhance their employability, while local communities benefit from the skills and knowledge of a supervised student researcher.

The central aim of the Communities and Students Together (CaST) project i...

The ‘Evaluation and Mentoring of the Multi-Agency approach to violent radicalization’ (EMMA) project was established (1) to evaluate the multi-agency working approach and (2) to mentor peer-to-peer assessment and exchange best practices among local practitioners. The EMMA project tried to fill this gap in evaluation research by developing a self-evaluation tool for local multi-agency working practitioners that will be widely applicable across different multi-agency working approaches in E...

There are growing calls for Higher Education Institutions to become more civically engaged and socially relevant in their local regions. The central aim of the Communities and Students Together (CaST) project has been to advance our knowledge and understanding of the myriad forms of Engaged Learning and to develop a deeper understanding of engagement. The project highlighted the diversity and flexibility to be found within Engaged Learning initiatives in each of the participating universities...