The success of military operations, the safeguarding of national interests and the discipline of the troops within the overall context of the rule of law have always presented great concerns for national armed forces. Nowadays, military justice faces several issues and criticisms. The prospect of ‘high-intensity’ warfare in Europe, battlefield robotisation, augmented soldiers, artificial intelligence and other present and potential future technological developments are new contemporary ch...

Military justice is an essential aspect of a nation’s defence system, rooted in a rich historical context that is intertwined with wider legal, political and social developments. Its importance has increased in the 21st century due to the changing nature of war, the need to protect civilians, the need to deal with misconduct by soldiers and to protect victims. It is essential to understand the historical development of military justice in order to grasp its complex legal and ethical dimensi...