Since the start of the Trump era, the United States and the Western world has finally begun to wake up to the threat of online warfare and the attacks from Russia, who flood social media with disinformation, and circulate false and misleading information to fuel fake narratives and make the case for illegal warfare. The question no one seems to be able to answer is: what can the West do about it?

Central and Eastern European states, including Ukraine and Poland, however, have been aware of th...

An exploration of the phenomenon of the caudillo figure in Latin American politics and the rise of populism through the modern histories of the continent.