This encyclopedia documents the presence and impact of nationalized cultural consciousness in European nationalism. It tracks how intellectuals, historians, philologists, novelists, poets, painters, folklorists, and composers, in an intensely collaborative transnational network, articulated the national identities and aspirations that would go on to determine European history and politics, with effects that are still felt today. This new revised edition includes more than 100 additional artic...

Georg Marggrafe (1610-1643) is today hailed as the principal author of an influential account of the natural history of Northern Brazil and as compiler of the first accurate map of the area, which is considered as one of the most elegant products of seventeenth-century Dutch cartography. But initial he had the ambition to become known in astronomy. With the support Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen, then governor-general of colonial Dutch Brazil, he built in Recife the first European-style astr...

In the first half of the sixteenth century, the Low Countries saw the rise of a lively market for practical and instructive books that targeted non-specialist readers. This study shows how woodcuts in vernacular books on medicine and astrology fulfilled important rhetorical functions in knowledge communication. These images guided readers’ perceptions of the organisation, visualisation, and reliability of knowledge. Andrea van Leerdam uncovers the assumptions and intentions of book producer...

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) was de eerste anatoom die de onfeilbaar gewaande leer van Galenus zwaar onder vuur nam. Hij verwees de theorie van de humores, de vier lichaamssappen, naar de prullenmand.

Frederik Ruysch (1638-1731) wijdde zijn hele leven aan het onderzoek van het menselijk lichaam. Hij perfectioneerde de techniek om bloedvaten op te spuiten en kon zo een zeer mooie collectie anatomische preparaten aanleggen waarvoor tsaar Peter de Grote persoonlijk naar Amsterdam kwam.

Govert Bi...